Factors associated with early neurological deterioration in minor distal medium vessel acute ischemic stroke: A multinational multicenter study
Dhairya A. Lakhani, Hamza Salim, Vivek Yedavalli, Basel Musmar, Fathi Milhem, Nimer Adeeb, Tobias D. Faizy, Motaz Daraghma, Kareem El Naamani, Nils Henninger, Sri Hari Sundararajan, Anna Luisa Kühn, Jane Khalife, Sherief Ghozy, Luca Scarcia, Leonard L.L. Yeo, Benjamin Yong‐Qiang Tan, Robert W. Regenhardt, Jeremy J. Heit, Nicole M Cancelliere, Aymeric Rouchaud, Jens Fiehler, Sunil A. Sheth, Ajit S. Puri, Christian Dyzmann, Marco Colasurdo, Leonardo Renieri, João Pedro Filipe, Pablo Harker, Răzvan Alexandru Radu, Mohamad Abdalkader, Piers Klein, Thomas Marrota, Julian Spears, Takahiro Ota, Ashkan Mowla, Pascal Jabbour, Arundhati Biswas, Frédéric Clarençon, James E. Siegler, Thanh N. Nguyen, Ricardo Varela, Amanda Baker, Muhammed Amir Essibayi, David Altschul, Nestor R. Gonzalez, Markus Möhlenbruch, Vincent Costalat, Benjamin Gory, Christian Paul Stracke, Constantin Hecker, Gaultier Marnat, Hamza Shaikh, Christoph Griessenaur, David S. Liebeskind, Alessandro Pedicelli, Andrea Alexandre, Illario Tancredi, Erwah Kalsoum, Boris Lubicz, Aman B. Patel, Vítor Mendes Pereira, Max Wintermark, Adrien Guenego, Adam A. Dmytriw, for the MAD MT Investigators
Abstract
Background: Patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to distal and medium vessel occlusion (AIS-DMVO) and minor strokes present a challenge in determining the most appropriate emergent treatment. Factors leading to early neurological deterioration (END) in this patient population are understudied, but END is known to result in poor functional outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the factors contributing to END in minor AIS-DMVO cases. Methods: We included patients with AIS-DMVO and minor strokes from 37 sites across North America, Asia, and Europe. Minor stroke was defined as a baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of ⩽5. The primary outcome measure, END, was defined as a shift of ⩾4 points in the NIHSS score at day one after treatment compared to baseline. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with END. Results: Among 559 consecutive patients with DMVO and minor strokes, END was reported in 68 patients. In multivariable analysis, mechanical thrombectomy (MT) was independently associated with higher odds of END (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.37, 95% CI 1.12–5.02, p = 0.02), while intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) was associated with lower odds of END (aOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.81, p = 0.008). However, the association between MT and END was no longer statistically significant in the IPTW-adjusted analysis (OR 1.65, 95% CI 0.69–3.98, p = 0.26). Hypertension and antiplatelet use at baseline were also independently associated with END. Among MT-treated patients, successful and excellent recanalization and first-pass effect were protective against END. Conclusion: MT was associated with END in patients with minor AIS-DMVO, although this association was not significant after IPTW adjustment. IVT was independently associated with reduced risk of END. These findings support careful patient selection and further study in randomized trials.