Thermal nucleation and high-resolution imaging of submicrometer magnetic bubbles in thin thulium iron garnet films with perpendicular anisotropy
Felix Büttner, Mohamad‐Assaad Mawass, Jackson J. Bauer, Ethan R. Rosenberg, Lucas Caretta, Can Onur Avci, Joachim Gräfe, Simone Finizio, C. A. F. Vaz, Nina Novaković-Marinković, Markus Weigand, Kai Litzius, Johannes Förster, Nick Träger, Felix Groß, Daniel Suzuki, Mantao Huang, Jason Bartell, Florian Kronast, Jörg Raabe, Gisela Schütz, Caroline A. Ross, Geoffrey S. D. Beach
Abstract
Nanometer-thin rare-earth iron garnet films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are among the most promising materials for fast and low-energy spintronics applications. Here, the authors demonstrate ultrafast control of intrinsically stabilized submicrometer bubble domains in these materials. By employing powerful x-ray imaging techniques both in transmission and with surface sensitivity, and by combining this with nanosecond electrical pulses and femtosecond laser excitation, they deterministically create, and image, these bubble states $i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n$ $s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u$. The topology, the chirality, and the switching phase diagram of these twisted spin structures are all resolved by direct imaging.