The Association between Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) Status, Work Environment, and Nurse Practitioner Burnout and Job Dissatisfaction
Amelia E. Schlak, Lusine Poghosyan, Jianfang Liu, Supakorn Kueakomoldej, Ani Bilazarian, William E. Rosa, Grant R. Martsolf
Abstract
Clinicians in health professional shortage areas (HPSAs) often work in practices with fewer resources and higher workloads, challenging recruitment and retention efforts. Nurse practitioners (NPs) frequently care for underserved patients in HPSAs. As a result, HPSA NPs may be susceptible to poor workforce outcomes, including burnout and job dissatisfaction. Using multiple logistic regression, our study assessed the relationship between the work environment and the odds of burnout and job dissatisfaction, and whether HPSA status moderated the relationship between a good work environment and lower odds of these negative outcomes. Consistent with prior research, we found that better work environments significantly decreased the odds of burnout and job dissatisfaction. Working in an HPSA was not associated with NP burnout or job dissatisfaction, nor did HPSA moderate the relationship between the work environment and NP job outcomes. Thus, improving work environments holds promise for reducing negative NP workforce outcomes regardless of HPSA designation.