Genotype by Environment Interaction and Adaptation in Barley Breeding: Basic Concepts and Methods of Analysis
Jordi Voltas, Fred A. van Eeuwijk, Ernesto Igartua, Luis F. García del Moral, José Luis Molina-Cano, I. Romagosa
Abstract
Barley breeding is largely empirical. In the first segregating generations, breeders focus on highly heritable traits, such as height, spike morphology, and phenology, and concentrate later on grain yield and end-use quality. Extensive multilocation trials carried out during a series of years are used in the final selection cycles to identify superior genotypes. This task is not generally easy due to the frequent presence of genotype by environment interaction (GE). GE is differential genotypic expression across environments. It attenuates association between phenotype and genotype, reducing genetic progress in breeding programs.
Topics & Concepts
AmmiGene–environment interactionAdaptation (eye)Selection (genetic algorithm)Main effectAbiotic componentRegression analysisBiologyAdditive modelHordeum vulgareBiotechnologyGenotypeStatisticsComputer scienceMathematicsMachine learningAgronomyEcologyGeneticsGeneNeurosciencePoaceaeGenetics and Plant BreedingGenetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and AnimalsWheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology