Alleviation of halitosis by use of probiotics and their protective mechanisms in the oral cavity
Mohsen Karbalaei, Masoud Keikha, Nazarii Kobyliak, Zahra Khatib Zadeh, Bahman Yousefi, Majid Eslami
Abstract
Regarding the relation of halitosis with oral infections and its effects on social relations between humans, the present study investigated the positive effects of probiotics on prevention or treatment of halitosis. The causative agents of halitosis are volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs), and halitosis is divided into oral and non-oral types according to the source of the VSCs. H2S and CH3SH are two main halitosis metabolites—produced following the degradation of proteins by bacteria in the mouth—however, CH3SCH3 has a non-oral origin, and is a blood neutral molecule. Just as much as halitosis is important in medicine, its psychological aspects are also considered, which can even lead to suicide. Today, the use of probiotics as a new therapeutic in many roles is in progress. Most probiotics are used for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders, but various studies on the alleviation of halitosis by use of probiotics have reported satisfactory results. The genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Weissella are among the most useful probiotics for the prevention or treatment of halitosis in the oral cavity.