Secure Routing Algorithms Integrating Zero Trust Edge Computing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks in Disaster Response Operations
Chima Nwankwo Idika, Ugoaghalam Uche James, Nonso Okika, Lawrence Anebi Enyejo, Onuh Matthew Ijiga
Abstract
Disaster response operations increasingly rely on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for real-time situational awareness, resource delivery, and communication relay in environments with degraded infrastructure. However, the decentralized and dynamic nature of UAV networks introduces significant security and trust challenges, especially when operating in hostile or uncertain conditions. This review explores secure routing algorithms enhanced by Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) principles and Edge Computing paradigms to strengthen the resilience and confidentiality of UAV communications in disaster zones. The integration of zero trust ensures that all communication nodes are continuously authenticated, authorized, and encrypted, while edge computing provides low-latency processing, decentralized intelligence, and operational autonomy. We examine recent advances in secure routing mechanisms, including trust-aware protocols, identity-based encryption, and blockchain-integrated path selection. Furthermore, the review assesses the deployment of edge nodes for on-site threat detection, anomaly mitigation, and routing optimization. By synthesizing findings from academic and field studies, this paper highlights current gaps, identifies future research directions, and presents a conceptual framework for implementing zero trust-secured edge-based routing in UAV-based disaster management systems.