<scp>LC‐ESI</scp>/<scp>HRMS</scp> analysis of glucosinolates, oxylipins and phenols in Italian rocket salad (<scp><i>Diplotaxis erucoides</i> subsp. <i>erucoides</i></scp> (L.) <scp>DC</scp>.) and evaluation of its healthy potential
Monica Rosa Loizzo, Assunta Napolitano, Maurizio Bruno, Anna Geraci, Rosario Schicchi, Mariarosaria Leporini, Rosa Tundis, Sonia Piacente
Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND This study investigated the chemical profile and biological activity of Diplotaxis erucoides subsp. erucoides (L.) DC. (Brassicaceae) collected in Sicily (Italy). RESULTS Liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI/HRMS) analysis of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of 42 compounds – glucosinolates, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and oxylipins. The extract was tested for its antioxidant activity using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic) acid (ABTS), ferric reducing ability power (FRAP), and β ‐carotene bleaching tests. Promising protection from lipid peroxidation was observed after 30 min of incubation in a β ‐carotene bleaching test (IC 50 of 3.32 μg mL −1 ). The inhibition of carbohydrates‐hydrolyzing enzymes resulted in IC 50 values of 85.18 and 92.36 μg mL −1 for α ‐amylase and α ‐glucosidase, respectively. Significant inhibition against lipase enzyme was observed (IC 50 of 61.27 μg mL −1 ). CONCLUSION Diplotaxis erucoides can be considered a potential source of antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic bioactives. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.