A 2.75 V ammonium‐based dual‐ion battery
Zhiming Zhao, Yongjiu Lei, Lin Shi, Zhengnan Tian, Mohamed Nejib Hedhili, Yusuf Khan, Husam N. Alshareef
Abstract
Abstract The popular metal‐ion batteries (MIBs) suffer from environmental and economic issues because of their heavy dependency on nonrenewable metals. Here, we propose a metal‐free ammonium (NH 4 + )‐based dual‐ion battery with a record‐breaking operation voltage of 2.75 V. The working mechanism of this sustainable battery involves the reversible anion (PF 6 − ) intercalation chemistry in graphite cathode and NH 4 + intercalation behavior in PTCDI (3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide) anode. This new battery configuration successfully circumvented the reduction susceptibility of NH 4 + and the lack of mature NH 4 + ‐rich cathodes for NH 4 + ion batteries (AIBs). The customized organic NH 4 + electrolyte endows the graphite||PTCDI full battery with durable longevity (over 1000 cycles) and a high energy density (200 Wh kg −1 ). We show that the development of AIBs should be high‐voltage‐oriented while circumventing low operation potential to avoid NH 4 + reduction.