Ballistocardiography and seismocardiography detection of hemodynamic changes during simulated obstructive apnea
Sofia Morra, Amin Hossein, Damien Gorlier, Jérémy Rabineau, Martin Chaumont, Pierre‐François Migeotte, Philippe van de Borne
Abstract
Abstract Objective : To investigate if modern seismocardiography (SCG) and ballistocardiography (BCG) are useful in the detection of hemodynamic changes occurring during simulated obstructive apneic events. Methods : Forty-seven healthy volunteers performed a voluntary maximum Mueller maneuver (MM) for 10 s, and SCG and BCG signals were simultaneously taken. The kinetic energy of a set of cardiac cycles before and during the apneic episode was automatically computed from the rotational and linear channels of the SCG and BCG waveforms and its temporal integral ( i K ) was derived (unit of measure: microjoules per second (µJ·s)). The estimated transmural pressure ( eP TM ) was assessed as the difference between systemic blood pressure and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). The Wilcoxon sign-rank test was used to evaluate differences in energy measurements between normal respiration and the loaded inspiration maneuver. Cardiac kinetic energies and the MIP produced during the MM were compared by linear regression analysis following log transformation in order to assess the correlation between variables. Main results : The <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">R</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> during normal breathing increased from 1.1(0.8; 1.4) to 1.9(1.4; 4.3) µJ·s during MM ( p < 0.001). Meanwhile, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>Rot</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>SCG</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> increased from 54 (31; 92) to 84 (44; 153) µJ·s, ( p < 0.001). The <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">R</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">R</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> of a set of cardiac cycles during the MM were negatively associated with the MIP ( r: −0.59, p < 0.001 and r: − 0.53, p = 0.001 for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">R</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">R</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> , respectively). When eP TM was considered, this association became positive ( r: +0.58, p < 0.001 and r: