Accuracy of Apple Watch to Measure Cardiovascular Indices in Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Cross Sectional Study
Alaa Khushhal, Ashraf Abdelaal Mohamed Abdelaal, Mahmoud Elsayed
Abstract
Background: The validity of the Apple Watch to measure the heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (Spo 2 ) for patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and hypertension is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the accuracy of the Apple Watch in measuring the Spo 2 and HR in patients with chronic diseases. Methods: Forty-one patients with chronic diseases, including 20 with hypertension, 10 with diabetes, and 11 with dyslipidemia, completed a cross-sectional study. All participants used the Apple Watch against the Polar chest strap and the pulse oximeter at rest and during moderate intensity exercise sessions to measure HR and the SpO2 at rest for 5 minutes, during exercise for 16 minutes, and followed by 3 minutes of rest. The HR was measured during all previous periods, but evaluation of the Spo 2 included 5 measures, done only before and after exercise, with a minute interval between each measure. Results: Overall, a strong correlation exists between measuring the SpO2 using the Apple Watch against the pulse oximeter (Contec) at rest (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) and after exercise (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) in all patients. The HR had a very strong correlation between the Apple Watch and the Polar chest strap (r = 0.99, p < 0.001) in all patients. There was no significant difference (p = 0.76) between the twenty-seven white and fourteen brown-skinned patients. Conclusion: The Apple Watch is valid to measure the HR and SpO2 in patients with chronic diseases. Clinical Trial Registration No: NCT05271864. Keywords: heart rate, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, oxygen saturation