Cross-species single-cell spatial transcriptomic atlases of the cerebellar cortex
Shijie Hao, Xiaojia Zhu, Zhi Rui Huang, Qianqian Yang, H.-C. Liu, H.-C. Liu, Yan Wu, Yafeng Zhan, Yuhui Dong, Chao Li, Chao Li, He Wang, Elize D. Haasdijk, Zihan Wu, Shenglong Li, Haotian Yan, Lijing Zhu, Shiyong Guo, Zefang Wang, Aojun Ye, Youning Lin, Luman Cui, Xing Tan, Huanlin Liu, Huanlin Liu, Ming-Li Wang, Jing Chen, Yanqing Zhong, Wensi Du, Guangling Wang, Tingting Lai, Mengdi Cao, Tao Yang, Yuanfang Xu, Ling Li, Qian Yu, Zhenkun Zhuang, Ying Xia, Ying Lei, Yingjie An, Mengnan Cheng, Yun Zhao, Lei Han, Yue Yuan, Xinxiang Song, Yumo Song, Liqin Gu, Chang Liu, Chang Liu, Xiumei Lin, Ruiqi Wang, Zhifeng Wang, Yang Wang, S. D. Li, Huanhuan Li, Jingjing Song, Mengni Chen, Wanqiu Zhou, Nini Yuan, Suhong Sun, Shiwen Wang, Yu Chen, Mingyuan Zheng, Jiao Fang, Ruiyi Zhang, Shuzhen Zhang, Qinwen Chai, Jiabing Liu, Wei Wu, Jie He, Haibo Zhou, Yan-Gang Sun, Yan-Gang Sun, Zhen Liu, Zhen Liu, Chuanyu Liu, Chuanyu Liu, Jianhua Yao, Zhifeng Liang, Xun Xu, Mu‐ming Poo, Chengyu Li, Chengyu Li, Chris I. De Zeeuw, Zhiming Shen, Zhiyong Liu, Zhiyong Liu, Longqi Liu, Shiping Liu, Yidi Sun, Yidi Sun, Cirong Liu, Cirong Liu
Abstract
The molecular and cellular organization of the primate cerebellum remains poorly characterized. We obtained single-cell spatial transcriptomic atlases of macaque, marmoset, and mouse cerebella and identified primate-specific cell subtypes, including Purkinje cells and molecular-layer interneurons, that show different expression of the glutamate ionotropic receptor Delta type subunit 2 ( GRID2 ) gene. Distinct gene expression profiles were found in anterior, posterior, and vestibular regions in all species, whereas region-selective gene expression was predominantly observed in the granular layer of primates and in the Purkinje layer of mice. Gene expression gradients in the cerebellar cortex matched well with functional connectivity gradients revealed with awake functional magnetic resonance imaging, with more lobule-specific differences between primates and mice than between two primate species. These comprehensive atlases and comparative analyses provide the basis for understanding cerebellar evolution and function.