Pureed diets containing a gelling agent to reduce the risk of aspiration in elderly patients with moderate to severe dysphagia

Abstract

GOALS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of adding a gelling agent to pureed diets to prevent aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients with moderate to severe dysphagia. BACKGROUND: Pureed diets are often used to reduce aspiration in patients with dysphagia. However, the ideal texture of a pureed diet to prevent aspiration pneumonia remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively conducted a randomized, crossover trial of pureed rice with or without a gelling agent in patients with moderate to severe dysphagia (ClincialTrials.gov number, NCT03163355). The primary outcome measure was pharyngeal residuals using an endoscopic scoring system. The secondary outcome was the sense of material remaining in the throat following swallowing. RESULTS: Sixty two patients (58% men), mean age 83 ± 9 years with moderate to severe dysphagia were included. Residuals in the throat were significantly less likely with pureed rice with than without the gelling agent (median cyclic ingestion score (range); 1 (0-4) vs 2 (0-4); P = .001). Irrespective of the presence or absence of the gelling agent, the sense of material remaining in the throat was significantly less frequent in older patients (87 ± 7.6 vs 75 ± 9.1 years, P < .01; 86 ± 7.3 vs 75 ± 8.6 years, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Pureed diets containing a gelling agent may reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia possibly by decreasing pharyngeal residues in elderly patients with moderate to severe dysphagia.

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