Text2BIM: Generating Building Models Using a Large Language Model-Based Multiagent Framework
Changyu Du, Sebastian Esser, Stavros Nousias, André Borrmann
Abstract
The conventional BIM authoring process typically requires designers to master complex and tedious modeling commands to materialize their design intentions within BIM authoring tools. This additional cognitive burden complicates the design process and hinders the adoption of BIM and model-based design in the AEC (architecture, engineering, and construction) industry. To facilitate the expression of design intentions more intuitively, we propose Text2BIM, an LLM-based multiagent framework that can generate 3D building models from natural language instructions. This framework orchestrates multiple LLM agents to collaborate and reason, transforming textual user input into imperative code that invokes the BIM authoring tool’s APIs, thereby generating editable BIM models with internal layouts, external envelopes, and semantic information directly in the software. Furthermore, a rule-based model checker is introduced into the agentic workflow, utilizing predefined domain knowledge to guide the LLM agents in resolving issues within the generated models and iteratively improving model quality. Extensive experiments were conducted to compare and analyze the performance of three different LLMs under the proposed framework. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively generate high-quality, structurally rational building models that are aligned with the abstract concepts specified by user input. Finally, an interactive software prototype was developed to integrate the framework into the BIM authoring software Vectorworks, showcasing the potential of modeling by chatting. The code is open source.