Litcius/Paper detail

Constraint on primordial magnetic fields in the light of ARCADE 2 and EDGES observations

Pravin Kumar Natwariya

2021The European Physical Journal C23 citationsDOIOpen Access PDF

Abstract

Abstract We study the constraints on primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) in the light of the Experiment to Detect the Global Epoch of Reionization Signature (EDGES) low-band observation and Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics and Diffuse Emission (ARCADE 2). ARCADE 2 observation detected extra-galactic excess radio radiation in the frequency range 3–90 GHz. The enhancement in the radio radiation is also supported by the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1) in the frequency range 40–80 MHz. The presence of early radiation excess over the cosmic microwave background can not be completely ruled out, and it may explain the EDGES anomaly. In the presence of decaying PMFs, 21 cm differential brightness temperature can modify due to the heating of the gas by decaying magnetic fields, and we can constraint the magnetic fields. For excess radiation fraction ( $$A_r$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) to be LWA1 limit, we show that the upper bound on the present-day magnetic field strength, $$B_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , on the scale of 1 Mpc is $$\lesssim 3.7$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≲</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3.7</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> nG for spectral index $$n_B=-2.99$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.99</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . While for $$n_B=-1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we get $$B_0\lesssim 1.1\times 10^{-3}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≲</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> nG. We also discuss the effects of first stars on IGM gas evolution and the allowed value of $$B_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . For $$A_r$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> to be LWA1 limit, we get the upper constraint on magnetic field to be $$B_0(n_B=-2.99)\lesssim 4.9\times 10^{-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.99</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≲</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4.9</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> nG and $$B_0(n_B=-1)\lesssim 3.7\times 10^{-5}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≲</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3.7</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> nG. By decreasing excess radiation fraction below the LWA1 limit, we get a more stringent bound on $$B_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> .

Topics & Concepts

PhysicsAstrophysicsRadio Astronomy Observations and TechnologyAstrophysics and Cosmic PhenomenaGalaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena