Development of Novel Conductive Inks for Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensors: Enhancing Rapid and Sensitive Drug Detection
Victor Alexandre Ribeiro Leite, Sthephane Pereira de Oliveira, Larissa Cristina de Souza, Letícia Correia Massad Gomes da Silva, Luís F. da Silva, Thaís Cristina de Oliveira Cândido, Daniela Nunes da Silva, Arnaldo César Pereira
Abstract
The development of screen-printed electrochemical sensors represents a rapidly expanding research field with great potential for applications in the rapid and sensitive determination of drugs in complex matrices. This work presents a review of the state-of-the-art examples of this technology, focusing on its application in real matrices such as water, pharmaceutical formulations, and biological fluids. We discuss the main materials used in developing conductive inks, highlighting their properties and influence on sensor performance. The characterization of materials and sensors is crucial to ensure the reproducibility and reliability of results. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with the application of these sensors in complex matrices, such as interferences from other components and the need for sample pretreatment. Finally, we present future perspectives for developing screen-printed electrochemical sensors, with an emphasis on new technologies and materials that can improve the sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of these devices.