Current research on aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) in Germany
Ruben Stemmle, Alireza Arab, Sebastian Bauer, Christof Beyer, Guido Blöcher, Claire Bossennec, Maximilian Dörnbrack, Florian Hahn, Philip Jaeger, Stefan Kranz, Alexandra Mauerberger, Jan Niklas Nordheim, Max Ohagen, Elena Petrova, Simona Regenspurg, Detlev Rettenmaier, Ali Saadat, Ingo Sass, Traugott Scheytt, Niklas Scholliers, Haibing Shao, Kalliopi Tzoufka, Kai Zoßeder, Philipp Blum
Abstract
Abstract This paper reviews the current research on aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) and mine thermal energy storage (MTES) in Germany providing descriptions of 3 low-temperature ATES (LT-ATES), 8 high-temperature ATES (HT-ATES), and 2 MTES research sites. While the overview reveals a diverse field of investigations spanning various spatial scales, research objectives, and methodologies, the predominant focus is limited to early-stage research with low technology readiness levels (TRL). The high number of HT-ATES research sites suggests greater research interest compared to LT-ATES. The integration of ATES into district heating (DH) grids in particular is a prominent research focus, yet almost none of the projects are specifically intended for practical implementation. Future research should therefore prioritize real-world demonstration projects and identify key locations, which is crucial for showcasing the benefits of ATES. The need for a streamlined regulatory framework that addresses environmental risks and ensures installation quality and efficient permit procedures is also discussed.