The Impact of a Recently Approved Automated Insulin Delivery System on Glycemic, Sleep, and Psychosocial Outcomes in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Alessandro Bisio, Linda Gonder‐Frederick, Ryan McFadden, Daniel R. Cherñavvsky, Mary Voelmle, Michael Pajewski, Pearl L. Yu, Heather Bonner, Sue A. Brown
Abstract
Background: Older adults with type 1 diabetes (≥65 years) are often under-represented in clinical trials of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems. We sought to test the efficacy of a recently FDA-approved AID system in this population. Methods: Participants with type 1 diabetes used sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy for four weeks and then used an AID system (Control-IQ) for four weeks. In addition to glucose control variables, patient-reported outcomes (PRO) were assessed with questionnaires and sleep parameters were assessed by actigraphy. Results: Fifteen older adults (mean age 68.7 ± 3.3, HbA1c of 7.0 ± 0.8) completed the pilot trial. Glycemic outcomes improved during AID compared to SAP. During AID use, mean glucose was 146.0 mg/dL; mean percent time in range (TIR, 70-180 mg/dL) was 79.6%; median time below 70 mg/dL was 1.1%. The AID system was in use 92.6% ± 7.0% of the time. Compared to SAP, while participants were on AID the TIR increased significantly (+10%, P = .002) accompanied by a reduction in both time above 180 mg/dL (−6.9%, P = .005) and below 70 mg/dl (−0.4%, P = .053). Diabetes-related distress decreased significantly while using AID ( P = .028), but sleep parameters remained unchanged. Conclusions: Use of this AID system in older adults improved glycemic control with high scores in ease of use, trust, and usability. Participants reported an improvement in diabetes distress with AID use. There were no significant changes in sleep.