[Retracted] Utilization of Eco‐Friendly Waste Eggshell Catalysts for Enhancing Liquid Product Yields through Pyrolysis of Forestry Residues
S. Kaliappan, M. Karthick, Pravin P. Patil, P. Madhu, S. Sekar, Ravi Mani, D. Francisca Kalavathi, S. Mohanraj, Solomon Neway Jida
Abstract
In this study, catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis of Prosopis juliflora biomass was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor. This study highlights the potential use of forestry residues with waste eggshells under a nitrogen environment. The experiments were conducted to increase the yield of bio‐oil by changing the parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, particle size, and catalyst ratio. Under noncatalytic pyrolysis, a maximum bio‐oil yield of 40.9 wt% was obtained when the feedstock was pyrolysed at 500°C. During catalytic pyrolysis, the yield of bio‐oil was increased by up to 16.95% compared to the noncatalytic process due to the influence of Ca‐rich wastes on devolatilization behavior. In particular, the existence of alkali and alkaline‐earth metals present in eggshells might have positive effects on the decomposition of biomass material. The bio‐oil obtained through catalytic pyrolysis under maximum yield conditions was analyzed for its physical and chemical characterization by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS).