Immunopathological features of air pollution and its impact on inflammatory airway diseases (IAD)
Philip W. Rouadi, Samar Idriss, Robert M. Naclerio, David B. Peden, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Sandra Nora González Díaz, Nelson Augusto Rosário Filho, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Peter W. Hellings, Margarita Murrieta‐Aguttes, Fares Zaitoun, Carla Irani, Marilyn Karam, Jean Bousquet
Abstract
Air pollution causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory airway diseases (IAD) such as allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Oxidative stress in patients with IAD can induce eosinophilic inflammation in the airways, augment atopic allergic sensitization, and increase susceptibility to infection. We reviewed emerging data depicting the involvement of oxidative stress in IAD patients. We evaluated biomarkers, outcome measures and immunopathological alterations across the airway mucosal barrier following exposure, particularly when accentuated by an infectious insult.