Hydrodeoxygenation of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) over natural zeolite-supported nickel phosphide catalyst: Insight into Ni/P effect
Isalmi Aziz, Purwantiningsih Sugita, Noviyan Darmawan, Adid Adep Dwiatmoko, Wawan Rustyawan
Abstract
Petroleum fuel is the primary source of energy today. Its use often causes environmental problems, one of them SOx gas emissions. Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of crude palm oil refining and has great promise to be developed as a renewable energy source. This research investigates the effect of Ni/P catalyst ratios impregnated by activated natural zeolite as solid support to properties and performance of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of PFAD to green diesel. The HDO reaction was performed by varying Ni/P at a temperature of 350 °C for 2 h, and 40 bar H2 pressure. The highest conversion and selectivity of PFAD to green diesel are obtained at a ratio of NiP(2:1)/NZ0.5 catalyst.