Granular honeycomb scaffolds composed of carbonate apatite for simultaneous intra- and inter-granular osteogenesis and angiogenesis
Koichiro Hayashi, Toshiki Yanagisawa, Masaya Shimabukuro, Ryo Kishida, Kunio Ishikawa
Abstract
Granular porous calcium phosphate scaffolds are used for bone regeneration in dentistry. However, in conventional granules, the macropore interconnectivity is poor and has varying size. Herein, we developed a productive method for fabricating carbonate apatite honeycomb granules with uniformly sized macropores based on extrusion molding. Each honeycomb granule possesses three hexagonal macropores of ∼290 μm along its diagonal. Owing to these macropores, honeycomb granules simultaneously formed new and mature bone and blood vessels in both the interior and exterior of the granules at 4 weeks after implantation. The honeycomb granules are useful for achieving rapid osteogenesis and angiogenesis.