Energy-Efficient Node Deployment in Heterogeneous Two-Tier Wireless Sensor Networks With Limited Communication Range
Saeed Karimi-Bidhendi, Jun Guo, Hamid Jafarkhani
Abstract
We study a heterogeneous two-tier wireless sensor network in which N\nheterogeneous access points (APs) collect sensing data from densely distributed\nsensors and then forward the data to M heterogeneous fusion centers (FCs). This\nheterogeneous node deployment problem is modeled as an optimization problem\nwith the total power consumption of the network as its cost function. The\nnecessary conditions of the optimal AP and FC node deployment are explored in\nthis paper. We provide a variation of Voronoi Diagram as the optimal cell\npartition for this network and show that each AP should be placed between its\nconnected FC and the geometric center of its cell partition. In addition, we\npropose a heterogeneous two-tier Lloyd algorithm to optimize the node\ndeployment. Furthermore, we study the sensor deployment when the communication\nrange is limited for sensors and APs. Simulation results show that our proposed\nalgorithms outperform the existing clustering methods like Minimum Energy\nRouting, Agglomerative Clustering, Divisive Clustering, Particle Swarm\nOptimization, Relay Node placement in Double-tiered Wireless Sensor Networks,\nand Improved Relay Node Placement, on average.