Community health impacts after a jet fuel leak contaminated a drinking water system: Oahu, Hawaii, November 2021
Shanna Miko, Alex Poniatowski, Alyssa N. Troeschel, Diana Felton, Shireen Banerji, Michele L.F. Bolduc, Alvin C. Bronstein, Alyson M. Cavanaugh, Charles Edge, Abigail Gates, Madeline Jarvis, Nicole A. Mintz, Vidisha Parasram, Jamie Rayman, Amanda R. Smith, Jared C. Wagner, Benjamin G. Gerhardstein, Maureen F. Orr
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In 2021, a large petroleum leak contaminated a water source that supplied drinking water to military and civilians in Oahu, Hawaii. METHODS: We conducted an Assessment of Chemical Exposures (ACE) survey and supplemented that information with complementary data sources: (1) poison center caller records; (2) emergency department visit data; and (3) a key informant questionnaire. RESULTS: Among 2,289 survey participants, 86% reported ≥1 new or worsening symptom, 75% of which lasted ≥30 days, and 37% sought medical care. Most (n = 1,653, 72%) reported new mental health symptoms. Among equally observable symptoms across age groups, proportions of children ≤2 years experiencing vomiting, runny nose, skin rashes, and coughing (33, 46, 56, and 35%, respectively) were higher than other age groups. Poison center calls increased the first 2 weeks after the contamination, while emergency department visits increased in early December 2021. Key informant interviews revealed themes of lack of support, mental health symptoms, and long-term health impact concerns. DISCUSSION: This event led to widespread exposure to petroleum products and negatively affected thousands of people. Follow-up health surveys or interventions should give special consideration to longer-term physical and mental health, especially children due to their unique sensitivity to environmental exposures.