Advancing anticancer drug development: Overcoming challenges and exploring new therapeutic strategies
Sachin Sharma, C. N. Naveen Kumar, Himanshu Kushwaha, Sahil, Sudhanshu Kumar Jha, Shivani Chawla, Alka Sharma, Tushar Midha, Vitthal G. Huddar
Abstract
Abstract Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death globally, with an estimated 10 million deaths attributed to the disease in 2024 alone. Despite advancements in early detection, surgical techniques, and adjuvant therapies, cancer still presents significant therapeutic challenges. These challenges arise from the complexity of the disease, including tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and metastasis. Tumors are not a single entity but are composed of diverse cell populations with distinct genetic and phenotypic characteristics complicating treatment and often leading to therapeutic failure. In addition, resistance to therapies and the spread of cancer to distant organs (metastasis) make it difficult to achieve lasting remission, particularly in advanced stages of the disease. Consequently, the search for new strategies and targets in anticancer drug discovery remains a critical focus in medical research. The landscape of cancer treatment is continuously evolving, with novel approaches being explored, such as targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and gene editing technologies. However, overcoming the challenges of cancer’s complexity remains a significant hurdle. This article examines current developments in anticancer drug development, emphasizing new strategies, developing targets, and the continuous difficulties faced by scientists trying to create less harmful and more effective cancer treatments.