Advances in Microfluidic Paper‐Based Analytical Devices (µPADs): Design, Fabrication, and Applications
Jian Lin Chen, Demian I. Njoku, Cui Tang, Yaru Gao, Jiayu Chen, Yung‐Kang Peng, Hongyan Sun, Guozhu Mao, Min Pan, N.F.Y. Tam, Min Pan, N.F.Y. Tam
Abstract
Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Devices (µPADs) have emerged as a new class of microfluidic systems, offering numerous advantages over traditional microfluidic chips. These advantages include simplicity, cost-effectiveness, stability, storability, disposability, and portability. As a result, various designs for different types of assays are developed and investigated. In recent years, µPADs are combined with conventional detection methods to enable rapid on-site detection, providing results comparable to expensive and sophisticated large-scale testing methods that require more time and skilled personnel. The application of µPAD techniques is extensive in environmental quality control/analysis, clinical diagnosis, and food safety testing, paving the way for on-site real-time diagnosis as a promising future development. This review focuses on the recent research advancements in the design, fabrication, material selection, and detection methods of µPADs. It provides a comprehensive understanding of their principles of operation, applications, and future development prospects.