Anxiety and Depression Impact on Inhospital Complications and Outcomes After Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score-Weighted Retrospective Analysis
Abdul K. Zalikha, Patrick Karabon, Inaya Hajj Hussein, Mouhanad M. El‐Othmani
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of anxiety and depression on immediate inhospital outcomes and complications after total joint arthroplasty of the hip (total hip arthroplasty [THA]) and knee (total knee arthroplasty [TKA]) using a large national registry. METHODS: Data from the National Inpatient Sample was used to identify all patients undergoing TKA and THA between 2006 and 2015. Patients were divided in four groups based on a concomitant diagnosis of depression, anxiety, depression plus anxiety, and neither depression nor anxiety (control group). Propensity score analysis was performed to determine whether these psychiatric comorbidities were risk factors for inhospital economic, disposition, and complication outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 5,901,057 TKAs and 2,838,742 THAs were performed in our study period. The relative percentage of patients with anxiety and depression undergoing these procedures markedly increased over time. All three psychiatric comorbidity groups were markedly associated with an increased risk of postoperative anemia and were markedly associated with other inhospital complications compared with the control group. Notable associations were also found between the study groups and total charges, length of stay, and disposition. DISCUSSION: Anxiety and depression are major risk factors for inhospital complications and are markedly associated with economic and disposition outcomes after TKA and THA. The relative proportion of patients with anxiety and depression undergoing these procedures is rapidly increasing. It is critical for clinicians to remain aware of these risk factors, and attention should be directed on the development of standardized perioperative optimization protocols and medication management for these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective study.