Natural deep eutectic solvents for anthocyanin extraction from agricultural sources: Process parameters, economic and environmental analysis, and industrial challenges
Ianê Valente Pires, Luiza Helena Meller da Silva, Antônio Manoel da Cruz Rodrigues, Marleny D.A. Saldaña
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments, known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, and health benefits. One method to extract anthocyanins uses natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). NADES are mixtures of two or more natural compounds that result in a liquid with a lower melting point than any of its individual components. NADES are nontoxic, biodegradable solvents that can be obtained from renewable sources, making them an attractive alternative to traditional solvents; therefore, they are known as the "21st century solvents." This review provides a comprehensive and critical assessment of the use of NADES as a sustainable solvent system for anthocyanins extraction. It also discusses the main properties of anthocyanins, NADES, process parameters, and economic and environmental analysis to efficiently extract anthocyanins. Current state of knowledge focusing on its applicability within the industrial context was evaluated and identified gaps in knowledge, highlighting its advantages and challenges to provide recommendations for future research.