Natural Fibers

Abstract

Natural fibers have always stood as a time-tested material for the human race from the inception of civilizations. Fabrics made of various fibrous materials provided comfort to humankind and protection to overcome the ups and downs of climatic challenges. Accessories made of various natural fibers, such as ropes, nets, fishing gear, and many more, were indispensable to sustain life in the early stages of civilization. In the later stages, textiles significantly expanded the trade network through the Silk Route. Far down the line, modern machinery was developed, and indigenous crafts were subdued due to colonization. With the introduction of synthetic fibers in the 19th century, natural fibers faced stern competition due to the price and versatility of synthetic materials. However, with the adverse effect of the rampant use of synthetic fibers on the planet, scientists are looking back to natural fibers as a suitable alternative to mitigate these issues. This chapter aims to shed light on the historical perspective of natural fibers, with special references to major natural fibers under three sections, viz. seed (cotton), fruit (coir), bast (linen, jute, ramie, hemp, sisal), and animal (silk, wool) along with their surface and cross-sectional morphology, constituents, physical properties, and suitability for end use.

Topics & Concepts