Salt Marsh Hydrodynamics
Andrea D’Alpaos, Alvise Finotello, Guillaume Goodwin, Simon M. Mudd
Abstract
Salt marshes occupy the intertidal zone and support rich ecosystems of salt-tolerant plants and other biota (Costanza et al. 1997; Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000). These ecosystems contain channel networks that dissect marsh platforms, just as terrestrial river networks dissect hillslopes. In contrast to upland landscapes, marsh platforms are very low relief, are inundated by tides, and the channels that dissect them experience bidirectional flows (D'Alpaos et al. 2005; Hughes, 2012; Coco et al. 2013). These conditions are also present in intertidal mudflats, yet marsh platforms sit at different elevations (Fagherazzi et al. 2006), have different characteristics of their channel networks (Rinaldo et al. 1999a, 1999b; Kleinhans et al. 2009), and different hydrodynamics (Fagherazzi et al. 2012). The fundamental difference is the presence of marsh vegetation which has a profound effect on flow within marsh canopies (Nepf, 2012).