Single-cell profiling reveals the trajectory of FOLR2-expressing tumor-associated macrophages to regulatory T cells in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma
Chan Xiang, Min Zhang, Zhanxian Shang, Shengnan Chen, Jikai Zhao, Bowen Ding, Dong Jiang, Qian Zhu, Haohua Teng, Lei Zhu, Jinchen Shao, Ruiying Zhao, Min Ye, Yu Yang, Yuchen Han
Abstract
Abstract An immunosuppressive microenvironment enriched with regulatory CD4 + T lymphocytes (Tregs) facilitates the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study aims to investigate the cellular mechanism underlying the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in LUAD. LUAD samples ( n = 12) and normal lung samples ( n = 3) were obtained from patients with different pathological stages of LUAD. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to classify cellular components and analyze the transcriptomes, including transcription factors/targets and chemokine ligands/receptors, followed by bioinformatics study such as pseudotime analysis. Myeloid cells and T cells were the most abundant cell types in tumors and normal lung tissues, while tumor-associated macrophage-folate receptor 2 (TAM-FOLR2) and CD4 + nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3) exhibited sharp increases in invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). The enrichment of TAM-FOLR2 in IA might result from alveolar resident macrophage-resistin (ARM-RETN) transformation and recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs) and other TAMs, as evidenced by temporal trajectories and differential expression profiles of chemokine ligands/receptors versus those in the early stages of tumors. High expression of CCL17/19/22 was observed in IA as well as in DCs, along with the strong interaction of TAM-FOLR2 with DCs. The results of pseudotime analysis suggested that CD4 + NR4A3 might potentially convert to CD4 + FOXP3, further supported by the high expression of NR4A3 target genes in CD4 + FOXP3 cells. This study provides a single-cell transcriptome atlas from preinvasive to invasive LUAD and reveals a potential ARM-RETN/TAM-FOLR2/DCs/CD4 + NR4A3/CD4 + FOXP3 trajectory in shaping the immune suppressive microenvironment along the pathogenesis of LUAD.