Perilla Oil Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation in the Colon of Mice by Suppressing Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activation
Shalom Sara Thomas, Youn‐Soo Cha, Kyung‐Ah Kim
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of perilla oil (PO) on high-fat diet (HD)-induced colonic inflammation. Male C57BL/6J mice (5 weeks old) were divided into four groups: normal diet, HD, HD supplemented with fish oil (FO), and HD supplemented with PO, and were fed experimental diets for 16 weeks. PO significantly ameliorated ( P < .05) the HD-induced colon inflammation as indicated by the increased colon length and low macroscopic score. PO increased the number of Bifidobacteria and reduced the number of Enterobacteriaceae , which in turn resulted in the lowering of endotoxin levels. Proinflammatory cytokines in serum and colon such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were also decreased by PO treatment. In addition, PO suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide, and inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB in the colon while increasing the expression of the tight junction protein, Zonula occludens-1. The gene expression of GPR120 , a membrane receptor activated by omega-3 fatty acids, was increased in the oil-treated groups. Altogether, PO improved HD-induced colon inflammatory conditions, and the effects were similar to those of FO, confirming that PO is a potential omega-3 fatty acid source for dietary supplements.