Improving Corrosion and Wear Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel via In Situ Pure Ti and Ti6Al4V Coatings: Tribocorrosion and Electrochemical Analysis
Darya Alontseva, Hasan İsmail Yavuz, Bagdat Azamatov, Fuad Khoshnaw, Yuliya Safarova, Dmitriy Dogadkin, Egemen Avcu, Rıdvan Yamanoğlu
Abstract
This study aims to achieve in situ-formed pure Ti and Ti6Al4V coatings on 316L stainless steel through hot pressing and examine their wear and corrosion properties thoroughly in two simulated body fluids: physiological serum (0.9% NaCl) and Hanks’ solution. The sintering and diffusion bonding process was conducted at 1050 °C under a uniaxial pressure of 40 MPa for 30 min in a vacuum environment of 10−4 mbar. Following sintering, in situ-formed pure Ti and Ti6Al4V coatings, approximately 1000 µm thick, were produced on 316L substrates approximately 3000 µm in thickness. The mean hardness of 316L substrates, pure Ti, and Ti6Al4V coatings are around 165 HV, 170 HV, and 420 HV, respectively. The interface of the stainless steel substrate and the pure Ti and Ti6Al4V coatings exhibited no microstructural defects, while the interface exhibited significantly higher hardness values (ranging from 600 to 700 HV). The coatings improved corrosion resistance in both electrolytes compared to the 316L substrate. Wet wear tests revealed reduced friction coefficients in 0.9% NaCl relative to Hanks’ solution, highlighting the chemical interactions between the material surface and the electrolyte type and the significance of tribocorrosion in biocoatings.