Phytoremediation: In situ Alternative for Pollutant Removal from Contaminated Natural Media: A Brief Review
Shazia Parveen, Irshad Ul, H. R. Bhat, Zakia Khanam, Aweng Eh Rak, Hanis Mohd, Mohammed Salim Akhter, G Saxena, D Purchase, S Mulla, G Saratale, R Bharagava, S Greipsson, E Urionabarrenetxea, N Garcia-Velasco, M Anza, U Artetxe, R Lacalle, C Garbisu, T Becerril, M Soto, L Wang, D Hou, Z Shen, J Zhu, X Jia, Y Ok, F Tack, J Rinklebe, R Poonam; Bhardwaj, R Sharma, N Handa, H Kaur, R Kaur, G Sirhindi, A Thukral, L Licht, J Isebrands, P Rai, S Lee, M Zhang, Y Tsang, K Kim, M Samarghandi, J Nouri, A Mesdaghinia, A Mahvi, S Nasseri, F Vaezi, H Yu, X Zheng, W Weng, X Yan, P Chen, X Liu, T Peng, Q Zhong, K Xu, C Wang, K Oh, T Li, H Cheng, X Hu, C He, L Yan, Y Shinichi, N Marmiroli, E Maestri, B Malayeri, A Chehregani, N Yousefi, B Lorestani, A Yousafzai, F Ullah, F Bari, S Raziq, M Riaz, K Khan, U Nishan, I Sthanadar, B Shaheen, M Shaheen, C Gisbert, R Ros, A De Haro, D Walker, M Bernal, R Serrano, J Navarro-Avi, M Lone, Z He, P Stoffella, X Yang, N Khatri, S Tyagi, S Sharma, A Bhattacharya, C Jain, S Singh, L Zhang
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an in situ application by planting crops in areas of contaminated soil. The contaminated media treated by phytoremediation are soil, sediment, sludge, ground, surface, and wastewater. It is a potential method to prevent toxic contaminants from entering the food chain and conserves biological diversity. This innovative technique uses plant species with good biomass yield to alleviate contaminant toxicity in various polluted media in an ecosystem, and harvestable parts of the plants will turn up into bioenergy. This sustainable and cost-effective technology is a fast emerging alternative as compared to conventional remediation methods. Based on literature obtained from different search engines, this review will be beneficial in gathering and critically analyzing the earlier published data for making a new milestone in the field of phytoremediation.