Recent advances in vaccine and immunotherapy for COVID-19
Ali A. Rabaan, Shamsah H. Al-Ahmed, Ranjit Sah, Jaffar A. Al‐Tawfiq, Ayman M. Al‐Qaaneh, Lamiaa H. Al‐Jamea, Alexander Woodman, Manaf AlQahtani, Shafiul Haque, Harapan Harapan, D. Katterine Bonilla‐Aldana, Pavan Kumar, Kuldeep Dhama, Alfonso J. Rodríguez‐Morales
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. Beyond there being no available antiviral therapy, stimulating protective immunity by vaccines is the best option for managing future infections. Development of a vaccine for a novel virus is a challenging effort that may take several years to accomplish. This mini-review summarizes the immunopathological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and discusses advances in the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics for COVID-19.