The Integration of Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, and Virtual Reality in Dental Diagnostics, Surgical Planning, and Education: A Narrative Review
Aida Meto, Gerta Halilaj
Abstract
(1) Background: Advancements in dental imaging technologies have significantly transformed diagnostic and surgical practices. The integration of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) is enhancing clinical precision, streamlining workflows, and redefining dental education. This review examines the evolution, applications, and future potential of these technologies in modern dental practice. (2) Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted, synthesizing findings from recent studies on digital radiography, CBCT, AI-assisted diagnostics, 3D imaging, and involving simulation tools (AR/VR). Peer-reviewed journal articles, systematic reviews, and clinical studies were analyzed to explore their impact on diagnosis, treatment planning, surgical execution, and training. (3) Results: Digital and 3D imaging modalities have improved diagnostic accuracy and reduced radiation exposure. AI applications enhance image interpretation, automate clinical tasks, and support treatment simulations. AR and VR technologies provide involved, competency-based surgical training and real-time intraoperative guidance. Integrating 3D printing and portable imaging expands accessibility and personalization in care delivery. (4) Conclusions: The integration of CBCT, AI, AR, and VR represents a paradigm shift in dentistry, elevating precision, efficiency, and patient outcomes. Continued research, standardization, and ethical practice will be essential for widespread adoption and maximizing clinical benefits.