Nano-ferrofluid (Mn–Zn, CoFe <sub>2</sub> O <sub>4</sub> , Fe <sub>3</sub> O <sub>4</sub> ) flow in a permeable channel with induced magnetic field
Anup Singh Negi, Bhuvaneshvar Kumar
Abstract
This article deals with the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) transportation of water-based nano-ferrofluid in a channel. Three different types of ferrofluid suspensions, to be specific, water-containing magnetite, cobalt ferrite, and manganese-zinc ferro particles (Mn−Zn, CoFe2O4, Fe3O4) are taken to observe flow field, induced magnetic field, and temperature field. The non-dimensional mathematical model is solved numerically under the specified wall and free stream conditions. The key parameters emerging in the present model are Prandtl number, porosity, the reciprocal of magnetic Prandtl number and magnetic parameter. The impact of these parameters on the flow field, velocity, temperature, and gradient of magnetic stream function for various ferrofluid suspensions is discussed graphically. Altogether, a more prominent velocity of fluid is noticed for magnetite ferro particles as contrasted with cobalt or manganese-zinc ferro particles due to the lower density of magnetite ferro particles. It is observed that when the volume fraction of CoFe2O4 nanoparticle rises from 0.1 to 0.6, heat transfer at the lower wall of channel is increased by 11% and decreased by 36% at the upper wall of the channel.