Spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking effects on GRBs jets arising from neutrino pair annihilation process near a black hole
Mohsen Khodadi, Gaetano Lambiase, Leonardo Mastrototaro
Abstract
Abstract The study of neutrino pair annihilation into electron-positron pairs ( $$\nu {\bar{\nu }}\rightarrow e^-e^+$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> ) is astrophysically well-motivated because it is a possible powering mechanism for the gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In this paper, we estimate the gamma-ray energy deposition rate (EDR) arising from the annihilation of the neutrino pairs in the equatorial plane of a slowly rotating black hole geometry modified by the broken Lorentz symmetry (induced by a background bumblebee vector field). More specifically, owing to the presence of a dimensionless Lorentz symmetry breaking (LSB) parameter l arising from nonminimal coupling between the bumblebee field with nonzero vacuum expectation value and gravity, the metric solution in question differs from the standard slowly rotating Kerr black hole. By idealizing the thin accretion disk temperature profile in the two forms of isothermal and gradient around the bumblebee gravity-based slow rotating black hole, we investigate the influence of spontaneous LSB on the $$\nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math> -annihilation efficiency. For both profiles, we find that positive values of LSB parameter $$l>0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>l</mml:mi><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> induce an enhancement of the EDR associated with the neutrino-antineutrino annihilation. Therefore, the process of powering the GRBs jets around bumblebee gravity modified slowly rotating geometry is more efficient in comparison with standard metric. Using the observed gamma-ray luminosity associated with different GRBs types (short, long, and ultra-long), we find, through the analysis of the EDR in the parameter space $$l-a$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>l</mml:mi><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> ( $$a^2\ll 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>≪</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> ), some allowed ranges for the LSB parameter l .