Phage therapy as a revolutionary treatment for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: A narrative review
Aneela Nawaz, Nauman Ahmed Khalid, Sabeena Zafar, Alina Majid, Muqaddas Shahzadi, Sheharyar Saleem, Aamer Ali Shah, Malik Badshah, Samiullah Khan
Abstract
The global rise of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections is posing a direct threat to public health and imperiling almost every facet of contemporary medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) has placed a high priority on the development of new antimicrobials that can combat three different types of bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacteriaceae that produce ESBLs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multi-drug resistant (MDR) strain that causes disease with a higher mortality rate due to its resistance to several antibacterial medicines. Phage therapy has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach in response to the challenge posed by antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa strains, where antibiotics have proven ineffective. Moreover, research has shown that using antibiotics in addition to phage therapy increase the antibacterial infectivity. In this review, the immense of clinical research on phage therapy has been summarized, and the process through which phages move from laboratories to clinics and beyond has also been examined. Moreover, the most important studies on phage therapy developments, phage protein capacity to prevent infections, and the prevention of biofilm formation have been highlighted. In addition to looking at practical solutions to the different issues related to the use of phage therapy, our aim is to underline the importance of applying a variety of methodologies in cognitive and scientific studies.