Glutamine deprivation impairs function of infiltrating CD8<sup>+ </sup>T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing mitochondrial damage and apoptosis
Wei Wang, Meng-Nan Guo, Ning Li, De-Quan Pang, Jinghua Wu
Abstract
BACKGROUND: T cell dysfunction. AIM: T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: T cells were detected by flow cytometry. Then, complete medium without glutamine was used to culture cells and their functional changes and mitochondrial status were detected. RESULTS: T cells showed functional downregulation, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma through the mitochondrial damage and apoptotic pathways.
Topics & Concepts
Cytotoxic T cellFlow cytometryCD8ApoptosisMolecular biologyBiologyInterleukin 21Cancer researchImmunologyImmune systemBiochemistryIn vitroImmune Cell Function and InteractionCancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmune cells in cancer