2.4-GHz Highly Selective IoT Receiver Front End With Power Optimized LNTA, Frequency Divider, and Baseband Analog FIR Filter
Bart J. Thijssen, Eric A.M. Klumperink, Philip Quinlan, Bram Nauta
Abstract
High selectivity becomes increasingly important with an increasing number of devices that compete in the congested 2.4-GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM)-band. In addition, low power consumption is very important for Internet-of-Things (IoT) receivers. We propose a 2.4-GHz zero-intermediate frequency (IF) receiver front-end architecture that reduces power consumption by 2 × compared with state-of-the-art and improves selectivity by >20-dB without compromising on other receiver metrics. To achieve this, the entire receive chain is optimized. The low-noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA) is optimized to combine low noise with low power consumption. State-of-the-art sub-30-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes have almost equal strength complementary field-effect transistors (FETs) that result in altered design tradeoffs. A Windmill 25%-duty cycle frequency divider architecture is proposed, which uses only a single NOR-gate buffer per phase to minimize power consumption and phase noise. The proposed divider requires half the power consumption and has 2 dB or more reduced phase noise when benchmarked against state-of-the-art designs. An analog finite impulse response (FIR) filter is implemented to provide very high receiver selectivity with ultralow power consumption. The receiver front end is fabricated in a 22-nm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) technology and has an active area of 0.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It consumes 370 μW from a 700-mV supply voltage. This low power consumption is combined with a 5.5-dB noise figure. The receiver front end has -7.5-dBm input-referred third-order-intercept point (IIP3) and 1-dB gain compression for a -22-dBm blocker, both at maximum gain of 61 dB. From three channels offset onward, the adjacent channel rejection (ACR) is ≥63 dB for Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE), BT5.0, and IEEE802.15.4.