Papillary Thyroid Cancer—Aggressive Variants and Impact on Management: A Narrative Review
Andrés Coca‐Pelaz, Jatin P. Shah, Juan C. Hernandez‐Prera, Ronald Ghossein, Juan P. Rodrigo, Dana M. Hartl, Kerry D. Olsen, Ashok R. Shaha, Mark Zafereo, Carlos Suárez, Iain J. Nixon, Gregory W. Randolph, Antti Mäkitie, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Vincent Vander Poorten, Álvaro Sanabria, Orlando Guntinas‐Lichius, Ricard Simó, Peter Zbären, Peter Angelos, Avi Khafif, Alessandra Rinaldo, Alfio Ferlito
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Aggressive variants of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have been described with increasing frequency. These variants include diffuse sclerosing variant, tall cell variant, columnar cell variant, solid variant, and hobnail variant. METHODS: We have performed a review of the more aggressive variants of PTC with respect to main characteristics, histological and molecular features, and the consequences that the knowledge of these variants should have in the treatment of the patients. RESULTS: At the present time, we do not know the prognostic value of these aggressive PTC variants. The extent of the surgical treatment and adjuvant therapy necessary should be decided on the basis of the extent of the tumor at presentation and the opinion of experienced clinicians. CONCLUSION: These aggressive variants should be known by clinicians, to avoid underdiagnosis, and treated according to the latest recommendations in the literature.