Magnetic Sulfonated Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Pyrazolone Derivatives
Shefa Mirani Nezhad, Seied Ali Pourmousavi, Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare, Golnaz Heidari, Pooyan Makvandi
Abstract
Sulfonated polymer-based materials, among heterogeneous catalysts, are frequently utilized in chemical transformations due to their outstanding chemical and physical durability. In this regard, a magnetic sulfonated melamine–formaldehyde resin (MSMF) catalyst was successfully prepared from a mixture of sulfonated melamine–formaldehyde and Fe3O4 nanoparticles in two steps. MSMF was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot, three-component condensation of benzyl pyrazolyl naphthoquinones in water as a green solvent and 4-[(indol-3-yl)-arylmethyl]-1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolones. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of catalyst, benzyl pyrazolyl naphthoquinones, and 4-[(indol-3-yl)-arylmethyl]-1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolones were evaluated using agar disk-diffusion and DPPH assays, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the catalyst and 4-[(indol-3-yl)-arylmethyl]-1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolones was found to be 75% and 90%, respectively. Furthermore, catalyst, benzyl pyrazolyl naphthoquinones, and 4-[(indol-3-yl)-arylmethyl]-1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolones exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, MSMF is a superior catalyst for green chemical processes, owing to its high catalytic activity, stability, and reusability.