Evolving global trends in PCOS burden: a three-decade analysis (1990–2021) with projections to 2036 among adolescents and young adults
Jiameng Wang, Boyu Wang, Chengjia Li, Tianwei Meng, Changxing Liu, Jia Chen, Ying Guo
Abstract
Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting adolescent and young adult females, yet global data on its burden and trends remains limited. Methods: We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 for females aged 10-24 years in 204 countries (1990-2021). Metrics included cases, age-standardized incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), disability-adjusted life years (ASDR), and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). Future trends (2022-2036) and disease reduction gaps were assessed. Results: From 1990 to 2021, global PCOS cases increased by 56% (incidence), 59% (prevalence), and 58% (DALYs). ASIR rose from 49.45 to 63.26 per 100,000, with an AAPC of 0.8. Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania had the fastest growth, while high-SDI regions bore the highest burden. Girls aged 10-14 showed the steepest age-specific increase. Nationally, the largest increases occurred in Equatorial Guinea, Maldives, and Myanmar, while Italy saw a decline. Forecasts through 2036 indicate continued increases in ASIR (+8.32%), ASPR (+10.87%), and ASDR (+10.39%). Frontier analysis highlighted unachieved reduction potential, especially in high-SDI countries. Conclusions: PCOS burden among adolescents and young adults has significantly risen globally with disparities by region, SDI, and age, warranting urgent and equitable public health strategies.