Vegetation misclassification compromises conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Atlantic Forest ironstone outcrops
Fernando A. O. Silveira, Lucas Neves Perillo, Flávio Fonseca do Carmo, Luciana Hiromi Yoshino Kamino, Nara Furtado de Oliveira Mota, Pedro Lage Viana, Felipe F do Carmo, Bernardo Ranieri, Matteus Carvalho Ferreira, Lígia Vial, Luciano José Alvarenga, Fernando Marino Gomes dos Santos
Abstract
A recent state provision allows quarzitic campo rupestre (QCR) set-asides as in-kind compensation for ironstone campo rupestre (ICR) suppression in the Atlantic Forest, which induces out-of-kind compensation. However, the recently published state provision defines no clear parameters to demonstrate “ecological equivalence” as an in-kind compensation. We evaluated whether there is ecological equivalence between and ICR and QCR in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We show marked geological, pedological, floristic, structural, and functional differences between ICR and QCR. There is evidence that the new compensation rules only partially offset loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services hosted by ICR, determining limited effectiveness of the legislation for ICR conservation in the Atlantic Forest. We conclude that the development of clear compensation parameters based on scientific evidence and quantitative indicators is a priority gap for the conservation of ICR under increasing mining pressure.