Changes in Restricting Symptoms after Critical Illness among Community-Living Older Adults
Snigdha Jain, Ling Han, Evelyne A. Gahbauer, Linda Leo‐Summers, Shelli L. Feder, Lauren E. Ferrante, Thomas M. Gill
Abstract
Abstract Rationale Survivors of critical illness have multiple symptoms, but how restricting symptoms change after critical illness and whether these changes differ among vulnerable subgroups is unknown. Objectives To evaluate changes in restricting symptoms over the six months after critical illness among older adults and to determine whether these changes differ by sex, multimorbidity, and individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage. Methods From a prospective longitudinal study of 754 community-living adults ≥70 years old interviewed monthly (1998–2018), we identified 233 admissions from 193 participants to the ICU. The occurrence of 15 restricting symptoms, defined as those leading to restricted activity, were ascertained during interviews in the month before ICU admission (baseline) and each of the six months after hospital discharge. Measurements and Main Results The occurrence and number of restricting symptoms increased more than threefold in the six months after a critical illness hospitalization (adjusted rate ratio [95% confidence interval], 3.1 [2.1–4.6] and 3.3 [2.1–5.3], respectively), relative to baseline. These increases were largest in the first month after hospitalization (adjusted rate ratio [95% confidence interval], 5.3 [3.8–7.3] and 5.4 [3.9–7.5], respectively] before declining and becoming nonsignificant in the third month. Increases in restricting symptoms did not differ significantly by sex, multimorbidity, or individual- or neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage. Conclusions Restricting symptoms increase substantially after a critical illness before returning to baseline three months after hospital discharge. Our findings highlight the need to incorporate symptom management into post-ICU care and for further investigation into whether addressing restricting symptoms can improve quality of life and functional recovery among older ICU survivors.