Continuous synthesis of ultrasmall core-shell upconversion nanoparticles via a flow chemistry method
Di Liu, Junyu Yan, Kai Wang, Yundong Wang, Guangsheng Luo
Abstract
A continuous synthesis method for the less than 10 nm core-shell upconversion nanoparticles was developed via coiled tube embedded flask reactors and a flow solvothermal co-participation reaction up to 300 °C. Fast nucleation of hexagonal nanocrystals in less than 9 min residence time was achieved owing to the excellent heating ability of the reactors, and a two-step reaction strategy was created for the synthesis of β-NaYF4:Gd,Yb,Er/Ho/Tm@NaYF4 particles without intermediate purification.
Topics & Concepts
NucleationNanoparticlePhoton upconversionNanocrystalMaterials scienceChemical engineeringNanotechnologyHexagonal crystal systemCore (optical fiber)Flow chemistryMicroreactorShell (structure)Residence time (fluid dynamics)ChemistryCatalysisCrystallographyOptoelectronicsOrganic chemistryLuminescenceComposite materialGeotechnical engineeringEngineeringLuminescence Properties of Advanced MaterialsNuclear materials and radiation effectsRadiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies