Insulin Delivery and Glucose Variability Throughout the Menstrual Cycle on Closed Loop Control for Women with Type 1 Diabetes
Carol J. Levy, Grenye O’Malley, Dan Raghinaru, Yogish C. Kudva, Lori M. Laffel, Jordan E. Pinsker, John W. Lum, Sue A. Brown, Boris Kovatchev, Stacey M. Anderson, Emma Emory, Mary Voelmle, Katie Conshafter, Kim Morris, Mary Oliveri, Linda Gondor-Fredrick, Harry Mitchell, Kayla Calvo, Christian Wakeman, Marc D. Breton, Elvira Isganaitis, Louise Ambler-Osborn, Emily Flint, Kenny Kim, Lindsay Roethke, Mei Mei Church, Camille André, Molly Piper, David W. Lam, Camilla Levister, Selassie Ogyaadu, Jessica Lovett, Vinaya Simha, Vikash Dadlani, Shelly McCrady-Spitzer, Corey Reid, Kanchan Kumari, R. Paul Wadwa, Gregory P. Forlenza, G. Todd Alonso, Robert H. Slover, Emily Jost, Laurel H. Messer, Cari Berget, Lindsey Towers, Alex Rossick-Solis, Bruce A. Buckingham, Laya Ekhlaspour, Tali Jacobson, Marissa Town, Ideen Tabatabai, Jordan Keller, Evalina Salas, Francis J. Doyle, Eyal Dassau, Roy W. Beck, Samantha Passman, Tiffany Campos, Craig Kollman, Carlos Murphy, Nandan Patibandla, Sarah Borgman, Guillermo Arreaza-Rubín, Thomas L. Eggerman, Neal Green, Boris Kovatchev, Stacey M. Anderson, Marc D. Breton, R. Paul Wadwa, Bruce A. Buckingham, Francis J. Doyle, Éric Renard, Claudio Cobelli, Yves Reznik, Guillermo Arreaza-Rubín, Roy W. Beck, Robert Janicek, Deanna Gabrielson, Steven H. Belle, Jessica R. Castle, Jennifer Green, Laurent Legault, Steven M. Willi, Carol Wysham, Thomas L. Eggerman
Abstract
Objective: To analyze insulin delivery and glycemic metrics throughout the menstrual cycle for women with type 1 diabetes using closed loop control (CLC) insulin delivery. Methods: Menstruating women using a CLC system in a clinical trial were invited to record their menstrual cycles through a cycle-tracking application. Sixteen participants provided data for this secondary analysis over three or more complete cycles. Insulin delivery and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data were analyzed in relation to reported cycle phases. Results: Insulin delivery and CGM metrics remained consistent during cycle phases. Intraparticipant variability of CGM metrics and weight-based insulin delivery did not change through cycle phases. Conclusions: For this sample of menstruating women with type 1 diabetes using a CLC system, insulin delivery and glycemic metrics remained stable throughout menstrual cycle phases. Additional studies in this population are needed, particularly among women who report variable glycemic control during their cycles. Trial Registration: NCT03591354.