Protective Role of Nrf2 in Renal Disease
Melania Guerrero‐Hue, Sandra Rayego‐Mateos, Cristina Vázquez‐Carballo, Alejandra Palomino‐Antolín, Cristina García‐Caballero, Lucas Opazo-Ríos, José Luis Morgado‐Pascual, Carmen Herencia, Sebastián Mas, Alberto Ortíz, Alfonso Rubio‐Navarro, Javier Egea, José M. Villalba, Jesús Egido, Juan Antonio Moreno
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the fastest-growing causes of death and is predicted to become by 2040 the fifth global cause of death. CKD is characterized by increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. However, therapies to slow or prevent CKD progression remain an unmet need. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor that plays a key role in protection against oxidative stress and regulation of the inflammatory response. Consequently, the use of compounds targeting Nrf2 has generated growing interest for nephrologists. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that Nrf2-inducing strategies prevent CKD progression and protect from acute kidney injury (AKI). In this article, we review current knowledge on the protective mechanisms mediated by Nrf2 against kidney injury, novel therapeutic strategies to induce Nrf2 activation, and the status of ongoing clinical trials targeting Nrf2 in renal diseases.