Agroecological alternatives for small and medium tropical crop farmers in the Ecuadorian Amazon for adaptation to climate change
Marco Omar Vizuete Montero, Pablo Carrera-Oscullo, Nancy de las Mercedes Barreno-Silva, Maritza Sánchez-Capa, Hilter Figueroa-Saavedra, Wladimir Moya
Abstract
CONTEXT This study delves into the agroecological transitions in the Ecuadorian Amazon, where small and medium-sized farmers grapple with multifaceted challenges. Against the backdrop of escalating ecological crises, this research adopts a participatory framework, engaging farmers in Orellana and Sucumbíos provinces. OBJECTIVE The primary objective is to explore and implement agroecological alternatives for small and medium tropical crop farmers for climate change adaptation that transcend the limitations of conventional practices. METHODS Through a series of five participatory workshops, farmers collaboratively addressed the vulnerability of livelihoods, detailed agroecological actions, and honed proficiency in conducting rapid assessments using livelihood vulnerability indicators. Quarterly visits to 31 farms provided comprehensive insights into the functioning of agroecosystems, evaluating economic, socio-cultural, and natural resources dimensions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Based on simulations the results show that agroecological alternatives can contribute to increase shade from 20 to 40% using cocoa, coffee and pastures plots with the strategically association of timber, fruit, and medicinal trees that may enhance overall productivity and sustainability. In a socio-economic perspective the integral models can contribute to the sustainable development of food production, cross-cultural approach, and livelihoods of medium and small farmer. Rebuilding the social structure and restructuring the farming practices of small and medium agricultural farmers is the challenge against climate change; doing so will enhance the capacity to implement agroecological mechanisms and alternatives to resist and/or recover from climate events. SIGNIFICANCE This research contributes to the growing discourse on sustainable agriculture , offering practical insights and strategies for agroecological transitions in the Ecuadorian Amazon and beyond. The participatory methodology and identified interventions hold significance for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners engaged in shaping the future of agriculture amidst environmental uncertainties.