Simple and cleaner system of silver nanoparticle synthesis using kenaf seed and revealing its anticancer and antimicrobial potential
Md. Adnan, Md Obyedul Kalam Azad, Madhusudhan Alle, Kandasamy Saravanakumar, Xiaowen Hu, Myeong‐Hyeon Wang, Cho Dong Ha
Abstract
Abstract The clean and eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has provided promising characteristics with impressive biomedical related potential. Here, we have employed a green process for the synthesis of AgNPs using kenaf seed (KS) extract as a bilateral mediator for reducing and capping of Ag + ions under hydrothermal condition. The synthesis pathways, such as varying amounts of KS, Ag ion concentration and autoclaving time were optimized. The manifestation of a strong absorption peak from 420–430 nm in UV–vis spectroscopy indicated the successful synthesis of KS@AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl functionalities involved in the reduction and stabilization of Ag + ions. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy revealed that the KS@AgNPs are spherical in shape having a size around 7–11 nm, whereas high-quality crystals were evidenced by x-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry revealed that 19.6 μ g l −1 of Ag + ions were released from the KS@AgNPs. In cell line studies, KS@AgNPs at a higher dose were shown to be non-toxic to the healthy (NIH3T3) cells, while strong anti-proliferative response was found in the case of lung cancer (A549) cells. Furthermore, a significant zone of inhibition was observed for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, and a combination of KS@AgNPs with ampicillin revealed a notable synergistic anti-pathogenic effect. Overall, our study proved the potentiality of KS as an efficient bio-resource for the synthesis of AgNPs and also its original feature as an anti-cancer and antimicrobial agent.